Catalogue

1. Mausoleum: A tomb built to honour a deceased person.

2. Shah Jahan: The Mughal Emperor who commissioned the Taj Mahal.

3. Mumtaz Mahal: Shah Jahan's wife, in whose memory the Taj Mahal was built.

4. Construction: Began in 1632 and completed in 1653.

5. Architecture: Combines Persian, Islamic, and Indian styles.

6. White Marble: The primary material used, known for its beauty.

7. Symbol of Love: Represents Shah Jahan's enduring affection for Mumtaz.

8. Preservation Efforts: Ongoing initiatives to restore and protect the monument from pollution.

9. World Heritage Site: Recognised for its cultural significance and historical value.

1. Tropical Origin: The sugar apple is native to the tropical regions of the Americas.

2. Common Names: Also known as the custard apple or sweetsop.

3. Tree Characteristics: The fruit comes from a small tree that can grow up to 30 feet tall, with large, compound leaves.

4. Fruit Appearance: The sugar apple has a distinctive green, round shape, resembling an artichoke or green pine cone.

5. Ripening Process: As the fruit ripens, its outer segments split open, revealing soft, sweet flesh.

6. Taste and Texture: The flesh is white or pale yellow, with a creamy texture and an incredibly sweet flavour, often compared to custard or soft-serve ice cream.

7. Nutritional Value: Rich in vitamin C, vitamin B6, magnesium, potassium, antioxidants, and fibre.

8. Culinary Uses: Popular as a fresh snack, and used in jams, juices, and ice cream in various regions.

9. Seasonality: Sugar apples are typically in season during the summer and autumn months.

10. Ripeness Check: To determine ripeness, gently squeeze the fruit; it should feel slightly soft to the touch.

These concepts highlight the sugar apple's unique qualities, culinary appeal, and nutritional benefits.

1. Founding: Levi Strauss was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1829 and moved to the United States in 1847.

2. Dry Goods Store: Strauss opened a store in San Francisco, selling clothing and textiles.

3. Gold Rush Demand: The California Gold Rush in the 1850s created a need for durable clothing among miners.

4. Blue Jeans Creation: In 1873, Strauss partnered with tailor Jacob Davis to create sturdy denim trousers with copper rivets.

5. First Blue Jeans: This collaboration produced the first pair of blue jeans, revolutionising workwear.

6. Popularity: Levi’s jeans gained popularity for their durability and comfort, becoming a staple for workers.

7. Trademark: The “Two Horse” logo was trademarked in 1886, symbolising product strength.

8. Marketing Expansion: In the early 1900s, Levi’s began marketing to a broader audience, associating jeans with adventure and independence.

9. Cultural Icon: By the 1930s, Hollywood stars wore Levi’s jeans, boosting their status as a fashion item.

10. Modern Brand: Today, Levi Strauss & Co. is a global brand known for innovation, sustainability, and a wide range of denim styles.

1. Founding: Lego was established in 1932 by Ole Kirk Christiansen in Denmark, initially making wooden toys.

2. Name Origin: The name "Lego" comes from the Danish phrase "leg godt," meaning "play well."

3. Plastic Bricks: In 1949, Lego began producing plastic toys, leading to the development of interlocking bricks.

4. Design Innovation: The perfected design of the Lego brick in 1958 introduced a system of studs and tubes, enhancing stability and creative possibilities.

5. Product Expansion: Throughout the 1960s, Lego introduced themed sets, allowing children to build various structures and vehicles.

6. Global Brand: By the 1980s and 1990s, Lego became a household name, distributing products in over 130 countries.

7. Cultural Phenomenon: Lego established partnerships with popular franchises like "Star Wars" and "Harry Potter," broadening its appeal.

8. Adult Market: Recently, Lego has targeted adult builders with intricate sets and workshops, fostering a community of fans.

9. Commitment to Creativity: Lego emphasizes play, creativity, and learning, remaining relevant and beloved across generations.

10. Imagination and Joy: The brand's legacy highlights the power of imagination, bringing joy to people of all ages.

1. Jousting: An equestrian sport involving knights on horseback.

2. Lance: A long weapon used by jousters to strike opponents.

3. Historical Origins: Jousting began in the 10th century as knightly training.

4. Safety Measures: Introduction of blunt lances to reduce injuries.

5. Popularity: Thrilling spectacle attracting audiences with speed and skill.

6. Skills Required: Physical fitness, horsemanship, and bravery are essential.

7. Olympic Aspirations: Discussion of jousting as a potential Olympic sport.

8. Global Presence: Jousting events are now held in various countries, including the US and Canada.

1. Breed Origin: The Sphynx cat was first born in 1966 in Toronto, Canada, marking it as a relatively new breed.

2. Hairlessness: Unlike typical cats, Sphynx cats have no fur, resulting from a genetic mutation.

3. Affectionate Nature: Known for being friendly and seeking attention, Sphynx cats often greet owners like dogs.

4. Playfulness: They are energetic and enjoy playing, making them great companions for children and other pets.

5. Unique Appearance: Sphynx cats have loose, wrinkled skin, large ears, and slanted eyes, giving them a distinctive look.

6. Temperature Sensitivity: Due to their lack of fur, they are sensitive to cold and enjoy snuggling for warmth.

7. Skin Care: Their skin produces oil that requires regular bathing to maintain cleanliness.

8. Social Needs: Sphynx cats dislike being left alone and can become depressed; companionship from other pets is recommended.

9. Cost: Pedigree Sphynx cats are expensive, typically ranging from $1,500 to $3,000, with some prices reaching up to $10,000.

10. Cultural Perception: The breed elicits mixed feelings, with some loving its uniqueness while others may be put off by its appearance.

1. Examination Pressure: With exams approaching, students often seek effective revision strategies to enhance their performance.

2. Personal Revision Methods: Each student has their own preferred method for revising and preparing for exams, creating a diversity of study habits.

3. Research Study: A study conducted at Cardiff Metropolitan University investigated the effects of music on revision by dividing thirty students into four different groups.

4. Group Divisions:
- Group 1: Revised in total silence.
- Group 2: Revised with music featuring liked lyrics.
- Group 3: Revised with music featuring disliked lyrics.
- Group 4: Revised with instrumental music (no lyrics).

5. Performance Results: The research revealed that:
- Group 1 (silent revision) performed over 60% better than Groups 2 and 3.
- Group 4 outperformed Groups 2 and 3.
- No significant performance difference was found between Groups 2 and 3.

6. Conclusion on Music: The findings suggest that studying in silence is generally more effective, particularly for complex or new material.

7. Pre-Revision Music: Listening to liked music before revising may improve performance, but not during the actual study session.

8. Questioning the Results: The article prompts readers to consider the validity of the survey and whether the sample size was sufficient to draw accurate conclusions.

9. Advice for Students: The article suggests keeping this information to oneself, especially from teachers or parents, highlighting the subjective nature of study preferences.

1. Colonial Influence: British expansion and its impact on introducing Indian cuisine.

2. First Restaurant: The "Hindoostanee Coffee House," opened in 1810 in London.

3. Immigration: The arrival of Indian immigrants in the 1940s and 1950s.

4. Cuisine: Traditional North Indian dishes, including curries and breads.

5. Cultural Fusion: Adaptation of Indian cuisine to British tastes.

6. Takeaway Culture: Growth of takeaway services making Indian food accessible.

7. Popularity: Emergence of iconic dishes like chicken tikka masala.

8. Multiculturalism: Indian cuisine's role in the diverse culinary landscape of the UK.

1. Origins: Emoticons began in the 1980s, initiated by Scott Fahlman.

2. Communication: They help convey emotions in written messages.

3. Evolution: Growth from simple text symbols to complex emojis.

4. Cultural Impact: Emoticons and emojis in popular culture, including films and TV shows.

5. Global Spread: Adoption worldwide with the rise of smartphones and social media.

6. Expression: Enhancing communication by expressing feelings that words may not capture.

7. Future Trends: Potential advancements in emoticons, including animated versions and VR/AR integration.

1. Definition: Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria.

2. Symptomatology: Characterised by severe coughing fits that end with a "whooping" sound, along with symptoms resembling a common cold in the early stages.

3. Transmission: Spread primarily through airborne droplets from coughs or sneezes and direct contact with respiratory secretions.

4. Vulnerability: Unvaccinated infants, young children, and the elderly are at the highest risk, with potentially life-threatening complications like pneumonia.

5. Historical Context: Vaccination programmes introduced in the 1950s drastically reduced the incidence of whooping cough.

6. Recent Resurgence: Increasing cases in recent years have raised concerns, attributed to:
- Waning Immunity: Reduced protection from vaccines over time.
- Vaccine Hesitancy: Declining vaccination rates due to anti-vaccination movements.
- Bacterial Evolution: Potential changes in Bordetella pertussis that allow it to evade vaccine-induced immunity.

7. Public Health Response: Emphasis on maintaining high vaccination rates, promoting booster shots, improving disease surveillance, and developing new vaccines.

8. Preventive Measures: A concerted public health effort is needed to control the spread of whooping cough and protect vulnerable populations.

These concepts highlight the significance of whooping cough as a public health concern and the importance of vaccination in its prevention.

1. Anger: A common emotion experienced by everyone.

2. Expression: Different ways people deal with anger, from control to aggression.

3. Rage Rooms: Businesses designed for people to release anger by smashing old items.

4. Tools: Various weapons like hammers and bats used in these rooms.

5. Music: Loud, aggressive music played to enhance the experience.

6. Controversy: Debate over the appropriateness of smashing things versus talking about feelings.

7. Management: Importance of learning to control anger through communication and professional help.